COMPUTER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: What is the Internet?
A: The Internet is a global network of
interconnected computers that allows information sharing and communication.
Q: Who is often credited with inventing the
World Wide Web?
A: Tim Berners-Lee is often credited with
inventing the World Wide Web.
Q: What is a web browser?
A: A web browser is a software application that
allows users to access and view websites on the Internet.
Q: What is a URL?
A: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a web
address that specifies the location of a resource on the Internet.
Q: What is a search engine?
A: A search engine is a tool that helps users
find information on the Internet by searching through web pages.
Q: What is an IP address?
A: An IP address is a unique numerical label
assigned to each device connected to a computer network.
Q: What is a website?
A: A website is a collection of web pages
linked together under a common domain.
Q: What is a hyperlink?
A: A hyperlink is a clickable element on a web
page that allows users to navigate to another page or resource.
Q: What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
A: The World Wide Web is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
Q: What does HTML stand for, and what is its
role in web development?
A: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
and is used to create web pages and structure their content.
Q: What is the purpose of a web server?
A: A web server is a computer that stores and
serves web pages to users when requested.
Q: What is the difference between a website and
a webpage?
A: A website is a collection of related web
pages, while a webpage is an individual document within a website.
Q: What is e-commerce, and give an example of
an e-commerce website.
A: E-commerce is online buying and selling of
goods and services. An example is Amazon.com.
Q: What is social media, and name a popular
social networking site.
A: Social media is an online platform for
social interaction. Facebook is a popular social networking site.
Q: What is an email and its full form?
A: Email stands for "Electronic Mail"
and is a method of exchanging digital messages over the Internet.
Q: What is a Wi-Fi network?
A: A Wi-Fi network is a wireless local area
network that allows devices to connect to the Internet without physical cables.
Q: What does ISP stand for, and what is its
role?
A: ISP stands for "Internet Service
Provider," which offers users access to the Internet.
Q: What is a modem, and how is it used in
Internet connectivity?
A: A modem is a device that connects a computer
to the Internet by converting digital data to analog signals for transmission.
Q: What is a firewall, and what is its purpose?
A: A firewall is a security system that
controls and filters network traffic to protect a computer or network from
unauthorized access.
Q: What is a download and upload in the context
of the Internet?
A: Downloading refers to receiving data from
the Internet to your device, while uploading refers to sending data from your
device to the Internet.
Q: What is a cookie in the context of web
browsing?
A: A cookie is a small piece of data stored on
a user's device by a website, used to remember user preferences and track their
online behavior.
Q: What is phishing, and how can users protect
themselves from it?
A: Phishing is a cyber-attack in which attackers
trick users into revealing personal information. Users should be cautious of
suspicious emails and websites.
Q: What is a blog, and how is it different from
a website?
A: A blog is a regularly updated website that
typically features articles or posts in reverse chronological order.
Q: What is a domain name and how is it related
to IP addresses?
A: A domain name is a human-readable web
address that corresponds to an IP address, making it easier for users to access
websites.
Q: What is a hyperlink and how does it work on
a webpage?
A: A hyperlink is a clickable element on a
webpage that, when clicked, takes the user to another webpage or resource by
following the URL specified.
Q: What is online privacy, and why is it
important?
A: Online privacy refers to the protection of
personal information on the Internet. It is important to safeguard personal
data from unauthorized access.
Q: What is netiquette, and why is it essential
in online communication?
A: Netiquette is a set of rules and etiquette
for polite and respectful online behavior, ensuring positive and constructive
online interactions.
Q: What is a social media hashtag, and how is
it used?
A: A hashtag is a word or phrase preceded by
the '#' symbol, used to categorize and organize content on social media
platforms.
Q: What is online gaming, and how does it work?
A: Online gaming is playing video games over
the Internet, allowing players to interact with others in real-time.
Q: What is a webcast and how is it different
from a podcast?
A: A webcast is a live or on-demand video or
audio broadcast on the Internet, while a podcast is an audio or video file
available for download or streaming.
1. Q: What are web services?
A: Web services are software components that
enable communication and data exchange between different applications over the
internet.
2. Q: What is the purpose of a web service?
A: The purpose of a web service is to
facilitate interoperability between various software applications and systems.
3. Q: What is the role of XML in web services?
A: XML (Extensible Markup Language) is often
used to structure and format data exchanged between web services because it is
both human-readable and machine-readable.
4. Q: What is SOAP in the context of web
services?
A: SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a
protocol used for exchanging structured information in the implementation of
web services.
5. Q: How does REST differ from SOAP in web
services?
A: REST (Representational State Transfer) is an
architectural style that uses a simpler, more lightweight approach for web
service communication compared to SOAP.
6. Q: What is WSDL, and why is it important in
web services?
A: WSDL (Web Services Description Language) is
an XML-based language that describes the functionality offered by a web
service, making it easier to understand and consume.
7. Q: Can you give an example of a popular web
service that uses REST architecture?
A: Twitter's API is a popular example of a web
service that uses RESTful principles.
8. Q: How do web services promote the concept
of "loose coupling"?
A: Web services promote loose coupling by
allowing applications to interact without requiring them to have prior
knowledge of each other's underlying technologies.
9. Q: What is an endpoint in the context of web
services?
A: An endpoint is a specific URL or URI that
identifies the location of a web service and provides the means to access it.
10. Q: How can web services benefit businesses
and organizations?
A: Web services can streamline business
processes, enhance data sharing, and enable the development of more flexible
and scalable applications.
11. Q: What is the role of HTTP in RESTful web
services?
A: HTTP is used to make requests and receive
responses in RESTful web services, allowing clients to interact with resources
using standard HTTP methods.
12. Q: Explain the concept of
"statelessness" in RESTful web services.
A: Statelessness means that each request from a
client to a server must contain all the information needed to understand and
fulfill the request, without relying on previous interactions.
13. Q: What are some common HTTP methods used
in RESTful web services?
A: Common HTTP methods include GET (retrieve
data), POST (create data), PUT (update data), and DELETE (remove data).
14. Q: How does JSON relate to web services,
and what is its advantage over XML?
A: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a
lightweight data interchange format commonly used in web services due to its
simplicity and readability.
15. Q: What is the role of an API in web
services?
A: An API (Application Programming Interface)
defines the methods and data formats that applications can use to communicate
with each other, including web services.
16. Q: What are some security considerations
when working with web services?
A: Security considerations include
authentication, authorization, encryption, and protection against common web
vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection.
17. Q: How does a client access a web service
using SOAP?
A: A client sends a SOAP request to the web
service's endpoint, specifying the method it wants to invoke and the data
parameters.
18. Q: What is a REST API, and how does it
differ from a SOAP API?
A: A REST API is a web service that follows
REST principles, while a SOAP API uses the SOAP protocol for communication.
REST APIs are often considered more lightweight and flexible.
19. Q: Can you provide an example of a real-world
application of web services?
A: Online payment gateways, like PayPal, use
web services to securely process transactions between merchants and customers.
20. Q: What is a UDDI registry in the context
of web services?
A: A UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery,
and Integration) registry is a directory that allows businesses to publish and
discover web services for integration.
21. Q: How does the concept of
"resource" apply to RESTful web services?
A: In REST, everything is considered a
resource, and each resource is identified by a unique URL. Clients interact
with these resources using HTTP methods.
22. Q: What is the role of the
"Accept" header in HTTP requests related to web services?
A: The "Accept" header indicates the
format the client prefers for the response data, such as JSON or XML.
23. Q: What is the significance of
"content negotiation" in RESTful web services?
A: Content negotiation allows clients and
servers to agree on the format of data to exchange, promoting flexibility in
communication.
24. Q: How can web services be useful in the
context of mobile app development?
A: Web services enable mobile apps to access
data and functionality from servers, allowing for real-time updates and
synchronization.
25. Q: What is the role of caching in web
services, and how does it improve performance?
A: Caching stores and reuses previously
retrieved data, reducing the need to fetch data from the server, thereby
improving response times.
26. Q: Explain the concept of
"idempotence" in the context of web service operations.
A: An idempotent operation produces the same
result regardless of how many times it is called with the same input, ensuring
predictability and safety.
27. Q: How do web services help in the integration
of legacy systems with modern applications?
A: Web services provide a standardized way to
connect legacy systems with modern applications, promoting interoperability.
28. Q: What is a RESTful web service endpoint
URL typically composed of?
A: A RESTful web service endpoint URL typically
consists of the base URL, resource path, and optional query parameters.
29. Q: How can developers ensure the security
of web service communications over the internet?
A: Developers can use secure protocols like
HTTPS, implement authentication, and use encryption techniques to secure web
service communications.
30. Q: What is the role of a
"binding" in the context of web services using SOAP?
A: A binding defines the protocol and data
format for a specific port type, specifying how SOAP messages should be
transmitted.
1. Q: What is GIMP, and what does it stand for?
A: GIMP stands for GNU Image Manipulation
Program. It is a free and open-source software for image editing and
manipulation.
2. Q: Name the organization responsible for
developing GIMP.
A: GIMP is developed by the GNU Project, a free
software foundation.
3. Q: Why is GIMP considered a valuable tool
for graphic editing?
A: GIMP is valuable for graphic editing because
it provides a wide range of features and tools for image manipulation, and it
is free to use.
4. Q: What operating systems are supported by
GIMP?
A: GIMP is available for Windows, macOS, and
various Linux distributions.
5. Q: How does GIMP compare to commercial image
editing software like Adobe Photoshop?
A: GIMP is a powerful and free alternative to
commercial image editing software, with a similar feature set for many tasks.
6. Q: What is the primary purpose of GIMP's user
interface?
A: The user interface in GIMP is designed to
allow users to manipulate and edit images through a variety of tools and
features.
7. Q: What are the two main windows in GIMP's
interface?
A: The two main windows in GIMP are the Toolbox
window and the Image window.
8. Q: Describe the Toolbox window in GIMP.
A: The Toolbox window contains various tools
used for image editing, such as selection tools, paint tools, and text tools.
9. Q: What is the Image window used for in
GIMP?
A: The Image window displays the currently open
image for editing, and it can have multiple images open at once in tabs.
10. Q: What are layers in GIMP, and why are
they important?
A: Layers are like transparent sheets that can
hold parts of an image. They are important for non-destructive editing and
compositing multiple elements.
11. Q: How can you create a new layer in GIMP?
A: To create a new layer, go to the
"Layer" menu and select "New Layer."
12. Q: Explain the use of the
"Filters" menu in GIMP.
A: The "Filters" menu contains a wide
range of filters and effects that can be applied to an image to change its
appearance.
13. Q: What is the "Crop" tool in
GIMP used for?
A: The Crop tool allows you to trim or cut
parts of an image to focus on a specific area.
14. Q: How can you adjust the brightness and
contrast of an image in GIMP?
A: Use the "Colors" menu and select
"Brightness-Contrast" to make adjustments.
15. Q: What is the "Clone" tool used
for in GIMP?
A: The Clone tool is used to duplicate parts of
an image or remove unwanted elements by copying from another area.
16. Q: How can you add text to an image in
GIMP?
A: Select the Text tool from the Toolbox, click
on the image, and start typing to add text.
17. Q: Explain the "Layers" dialog in
GIMP and its importance.
A: The Layers dialog shows all the layers in
the current image and allows you to manage their order and visibility.
18. Q: How can you save an image in GIMP?
A: To save an image, go to the "File"
menu and select "Export" or "Save As" to specify the file
format and location.
19. Q: What is the "Undo" feature in
GIMP, and how can it be accessed?
A: The "Undo" feature allows you to
revert the last action. You can access it by pressing "Ctrl+Z" (or
"Cmd+Z" on macOS).
20. Q: What is the "Healing Tool" in
GIMP used for?
A: The Healing Tool is used to remove blemishes
and imperfections from photos by replacing them with nearby textures.
21. Q: How can you change the canvas size of an
image in GIMP?
A: Go to the "Image" menu, select
"Canvas Size," and specify the new dimensions.
22. Q: Describe the "Magic Wand" tool
in GIMP and its purpose.
A: The Magic Wand tool selects areas of an
image with similar colors or tones, making it useful for selecting and editing
specific regions.
23. Q: What is the "Scale" tool used
for in GIMP?
A: The Scale tool is used to resize an image or
a selected portion while maintaining its aspect ratio.
24. Q: How can you add a layer mask in GIMP?
A: Right-click on the layer in the Layers
dialog and select "Add Layer Mask" to add a layer mask to the
selected layer.
25. Q: Explain the "Dodge" and
"Burn" tools in GIMP and their functions.
A: The Dodge tool lightens areas of an image,
while the Burn tool darkens them. They are often used for retouching and
enhancing contrast.
26. Q: What is the "Path" tool used
for in GIMP?
A: The Path tool allows you to create and
manipulate vector paths for precise selections and editing.
27. Q: How can you apply a gradient to an image
in GIMP?
A: Use the Gradient tool to drag and apply a
gradient from one point to another on the image.
28. Q: Explain the concept of
"Resampling" when resizing an image in GIMP.
A: Resampling refers to the process of
calculating new pixel values when resizing an image to maintain image quality.
29. Q: How can you access GIMP's extensive
documentation and tutorials?
A: GIMP provides comprehensive documentation
and tutorials on its official website and within the application itself.
30. Q: What is the primary advantage of GIMP
being open-source software?
A: The primary advantage is that GIMP is free
to use, open to community contributions, and can be customized or extended by
users and developers.
1. Q: What is HTML, and what does it stand for?
A: HTML stands for "Hypertext Markup
Language." It is a markup language used to create web pages.
2. Q: Who created HTML, and when was it first
introduced?
A: HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee, and the
first version was introduced in 1993.
3. Q: What is the basic purpose of HTML in web
development?
A: The basic purpose of HTML is to structure
and format content on web pages, defining the elements and their relationships.
4. Q: How is HTML different from programming
languages like JavaScript or Python?
A: HTML is not a programming language; it is a
markup language used for structuring content, while JavaScript and Python are
used for programming and creating dynamic behavior.
5. Q: What are HTML elements and tags?
A: HTML elements are building blocks of a web
page, and they are represented by tags. Tags define the structure and
appearance of content.
6. Q: Explain the difference between HTML tags
and HTML attributes.
A: HTML tags define the type of element, while
HTML attributes provide additional information about an element's properties.
7. Q: How do you create a simple HTML document
structure?
A: A basic HTML document structure includes the
<html>, <head>, and <body> elements. It starts with
<!DOCTYPE html> to specify the document type.
8. Q: What is the role of the <head>
element in an HTML document?
A: The <head> element contains
meta-information about the web page, such as the title, character encoding, and
links to external resources.
9. Q: How is text content enclosed in HTML
tags?
A: Text content is enclosed between an opening
tag and a closing tag. For example, <p>This is a paragraph.</p>.
10. Q: What does the <a> tag stand for,
and how is it used in HTML?
A: The <a> tag stands for
"anchor" and is used to create hyperlinks. It defines the destination
URL using the href attribute.
11. Q: How can you create a bulleted list in
HTML?
A: Use the <ul> element to create an
unordered (bulleted) list, and the <li> element to define list items
within it.
12. Q: What is the purpose of the <img>
tag in HTML?
A: The <img> tag is used to embed images
in a web page. It requires the src attribute to specify the image file.
13. Q: How can you create a numbered list in
HTML?
A: Use the <ol> element to create an
ordered (numbered) list, and the <li> element to define list items within
it.
14. Q: What does the term "HTML
entity" refer to?
A: HTML entities are codes used to represent
special characters, such as < for < and > for >.
15. Q: How do you add comments in HTML?
A: Comments in HTML are added using the <!--
and --> tags. Everything in between is treated as a comment and is not
displayed in the web page.
16. Q: What is the purpose of the <table>
element in HTML?
A: The <table> element is used to create
structured data tables. It consists of rows (<tr>), columns (<td>),
and headers (<th>).
17. Q: What is the function of the <form>
element in HTML?
A: The <form> element is used to create
input forms for user interaction, such as text fields, radio buttons, and
submit buttons.
18. Q: How do you create hyperlinks that open
in a new browser window/tab?
A: To open a hyperlink in a new window/tab, you
can use the target attribute and set it to "_blank," like this: <a
href="URL" target="_blank">Link</a>.
19. Q: What is the purpose of the <div>
element in HTML?
A: The <div> element is a block-level
container used to group and style content. It is often used with CSS for layout
and design.
20. Q: How can you create a line break in HTML?
A: To create a line break, use the <br>
tag. It does not require a closing tag.
21. Q: What is the HTML5 standard, and how does
it differ from previous HTML versions?
A: HTML5 is the latest version of HTML. It
introduces new elements, attributes, and APIs for multimedia, improved
semantics, and better support for web applications.
22. Q: What is the role of the <meta> tag
in the <head> section of an HTML document?
A: The <meta> tag is used to provide
metadata about the web page, such as the character encoding and keywords for
search engines.
23. Q: How do you include a CSS stylesheet in
an HTML document?
A: You can link an external CSS stylesheet to
an HTML document using the <link> element within the <head>
section.
24. Q: What does HTML semantics refer to, and
why is it important?
A: HTML semantics relates to the meaning and
structure of content. It is important for accessibility, search engine
optimization, and readability.
25. Q: What is the purpose of the <video>
and <audio> elements in HTML5?
A: The <video> and <audio> elements
allow the embedding of video and audio content directly into web pages without
the need for external plugins.
26. Q: How do you create a clickable email link
in HTML?
A: Use the <a> tag with the href
attribute set to "mailto:email@example.com" to create an email link.
27. Q: What is the role of the <iframe>
element in HTML, and how is it used?
A: The <iframe> element is used to embed
content from another web page within the current page, such as maps or videos.
28. Q: How can you create a dropdown menu
(select box) in HTML?
A: Use the <select> element to create a
dropdown menu, and the <option> element to define the menu items.
29. Q: What is the purpose of the
<canvas> element in HTML5, and how is it used for drawing graphics?
A: The <canvas> element provides a
drawing surface for JavaScript to create graphics and animations within a web
page.
30. Q: How can you add a title to an HTML
document, and why is it important?
A: You can add a title to an HTML document
using the <title> element within the <head> section. The title
appears in the browser's title bar and search engine results, making it
essential for describing the page's content.
1. Q: What is computer security, and why is it
important?
A: Computer security refers to the protection
of computer systems and data from various threats. It is essential to safeguard
data and ensure the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of
information.
2. Q: What are some common types of security
threats to computer systems?
A: Common security threats include malware
(viruses, worms, Trojans), phishing, hacking, ransomware, and denial-of-service
attacks.
3. Q: What is malware, and how can it harm a
computer system?
A: Malware (malicious software) is software
designed to harm or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. It can steal
data, damage files, or disrupt system operations.
4. Q: What is a virus in the context of
computer security?
A: A virus is a type of malware that attaches
itself to legitimate programs and spreads when those programs are executed,
causing harm to the computer and its data.
**5. Q: How can you protect your computer from
viruses and malware?
A: You can protect your computer by installing
and regularly updating antivirus software, being cautious about email
attachments and downloads, and keeping your operating system and software up to
date.
6. Q: What is a firewall, and how does it
enhance computer security?
A: A firewall is a security device or software
that filters network traffic and helps block unauthorized access to a computer
or network.
7. Q: What is phishing, and how does it work?
A: Phishing is a deceptive technique used by
cybercriminals to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such
as passwords or credit card numbers, often through fraudulent emails or
websites.
8. Q: How can you identify a phishing email or
website?
A: Be cautious of unsolicited emails requesting
personal information or containing suspicious links. Check the email sender's
address and website URL for legitimacy.
9. Q: What is a strong password, and why is it
important?
A: A strong password is a combination of
letters, numbers, and symbols that is difficult for others to guess. It is
important because weak passwords are vulnerable to hacking.
10. Q: How often should you change your
passwords to maintain security?
A: It is recommended to change passwords
regularly, typically every 90 days, to enhance security.
11. Q: What is two-factor authentication (2FA),
and how does it improve security?
A: 2FA adds an extra layer of security by
requiring users to provide two different forms of identification before
granting access, such as a password and a verification code sent to a mobile
device.
12. Q: What is encryption, and how does it
protect data?
A: Encryption is the process of converting data
into a coded format that can only be deciphered with the appropriate decryption
key. It ensures that data remains confidential during transmission and storage.
13. Q: How can you stay safe when using public
Wi-Fi networks?
A: Avoid accessing sensitive information on
public Wi-Fi, use a virtual private network (VPN) for added security, and
ensure your device's firewall is active.
14. Q: What is the role of software updates and
patches in computer security?
A: Software updates and patches fix known
vulnerabilities and bugs in software, making it more difficult for attackers to
exploit those weaknesses.
15. Q: What is a data breach, and what are its
consequences?
A: A data breach is an unauthorized access to
sensitive or confidential information. Consequences can include financial
losses, identity theft, and reputational damage.
16. Q: How can you protect your personal
information from data breaches?
A: Use strong, unique passwords, enable
two-factor authentication, and avoid sharing personal information
unnecessarily.
17. Q: What is identity theft, and how can you
prevent it?
A: Identity theft occurs when someone steals
personal information to commit fraud or other crimes. Prevent it by
safeguarding your personal data and monitoring your financial accounts.
18. Q: What is a firewall and how does it
enhance computer security?
A: A firewall is a security device or software
that filters network traffic and helps block unauthorized access to a computer
or network.
19. Q: What is a virtual private network (VPN),
and why might you use one?
A: A VPN is a technology that creates a secure,
encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet. It is used to
protect online privacy, secure data, and access restricted content.
20. Q: What is a strong password, and why is it
important?
A: A strong password is a combination of
letters, numbers, and symbols that is difficult for others to guess. It is
important because weak passwords are vulnerable to hacking.
21. Q: What is social engineering, and how can
you defend against it?
A: Social engineering is the manipulation of
individuals into revealing confidential information. Defend against it by being
cautious about sharing personal information and verifying the identity of
individuals or entities requesting it.
22. Q: How can you protect against ransomware
attacks?
A: Regularly back up your data, be cautious
about email attachments, avoid downloading files from untrustworthy sources,
and keep your software up to date.
23. Q: What is a cybersecurity policy, and why
is it essential for organizations?
A: A cybersecurity policy is a set of
guidelines and procedures that an organization follows to protect its computer
systems and data. It is essential for safeguarding sensitive information and
preventing security breaches.
24. Q: What is malware, and how does it harm
computer systems?
A: Malware is malicious software that can harm
computer systems by disrupting their operations, stealing data, or providing
unauthorized access to attackers.
25. Q: How can you avoid falling victim to
online scams and fraudulent websites?
A: Be cautious when sharing personal
information online, verify the authenticity of websites and email
communications, and report any suspicious activity to relevant authorities.
26. Q: What are cookies, and how do they impact
online privacy?
A: Cookies are small files used by websites to
store user data. While they can enhance user experience, they also raise
privacy concerns by tracking user behavior. Users can manage and delete cookies
to protect their privacy.
27. Q: What is cybersecurity awareness, and why
is it crucial in the digital age?
A: Cybersecurity awareness involves
understanding the potential risks and threats in the digital world. It is
crucial because informed users are better equipped to protect themselves and
their data.
28. Q: How does regular data backup help in
computer security?
A: Regular data backups provide a safety net in
case of data loss due to malware, hardware failure, or other issues, ensuring
that you can restore your data.
29. Q: What is the role of user training in
computer security for organizations?
A: User training is essential to educate
employees about security best practices, recognizing threats, and responding to
security incidents.
30. Q: What steps can individuals and
organizations take to enhance computer security?
A: Best practices include using strong
passwords, keeping software up to date, using encryption, implementing security
policies, and educating users about potential threats and safety measures.
